The invention includes methods of forming metal oxide and/or semimetal oxide. The invention can include formation of at least one metal-and-halogen-containing material and/or at least one semimetal-and-halogen-containing material over a semiconductor substrate surface. The material can be subjected to aminolysis followed by oxidation to convert the material to metal oxide and/or semimetal oxide. The aminolysis and oxidation can be separate ALD steps relative to one another, or can be conducted i...

Dielectric layers containing a hafnium oxide hafnium oxide layer arranged as one or more monolayers and a lanthanide oxide layer and a method of fabricating such a dielectric layer produce a reliable dielectric layer having an equivalent oxide thickness thinner than attainable using SiO.sub.2. The dielectric can be formed as a nanolaminate of hafnium oxide and a lanthanide oxide.

The invention includes semiconductor constructions comprising dielectric materials which contain cerium oxide and titanium oxide. The dielectric materials can contain a homogeneous distribution of cerium oxide and titanium oxide, and/or can contain a laminate of cerium oxide and titanium oxide. The dielectric materials can be incorporated into any suitable semiconductor devices, including, for example, capacitor devices, transistor devices, and flash memory devices. The invention also includes m...

The invention includes methods of forming metal oxide and/or semimetal oxide. The invention can include formation of at least one metal-and-halogen-containing material and/or at least one semimetal-and-halogen-containing material over a semiconductor substrate surface. The material can be subjected to aminolysis followed by oxidation to convert the material to metal oxide and/or semimetal oxide. The aminolysis and oxidation can be separate ALD steps relative to one another, or can be conducted i...

An improved cathode material for nonaqueous electrolyte lithium electrochemical cell is described. The preferred active material is .epsilon.-phase silver vanadium oxide (Ag.sub.2V.sub.4O.sub.11) coated with a protective layer of a metal oxide, preferably .gamma.-phase SVO (Ag.sub.1.2V.sub.3O.sub.1.8). The SVO core provides high capacity and rate capability while the protective coating reduces reactivity of the active particles with electrolyte to improve the long-term stability of the cathode.

High temperature-resistant transparent coatings based on zirconium oxide, which have improved dispersion properties and a high refractive index, comprise zirconium oxide with at least one additive from the group consisting of tantalum and/or tantalum oxide, whereby the proportion of Ta atoms, in relation to the total number of metal atoms in the coating is in the range of 5 to 30%.

A treating liquid for depositing a hydrated metal oxide comprises a basic aqueous solution of an oxide of an amphoteric metal and a pH reducing reactant that subsequently lowers the pH of the solution to one at which a hydrated oxide of the amphoteric metal is precipitated. The treating liquid can provide a single step process for consolidating or plugging a sand and/or can comprise a sand consolidating or plugging component of a drilling, fracturing, perforating, oil-displacing, or the like, ty...

A relatively small amount of styrene can be smoothly graft-polymerized on a polyphenylene oxide with a high graft efficiency and in a high polymerization yield by polymerizing 0.4 to 2 parts by weight of a styrene compound in the presence of 1 part by weight of a polyphenylene oxide, or 15 to 60 parts by weight of a styrene compound in the presence of 40 to 85 parts by weight of a mixture comprising 74 to 96% by weight of a polyphenylene oxide and 26 to 4% by weight of a rubbery polymer, in an a...

A method for reactivation of oxide catalysts which have been deactivated by carbonaceous materials deposited thereon in the course of hydrocracking crude oils, coal tars or shale tars and for simultaneously obtaining technical grade hydrogen of 90-95 vol. % purity containing a maximum of 5 percent of carbon monoxide. Catalyst reactivation is effected by a steam-oxygen mixture having a steam-to-oxygen ratio of 7:1 to 10:1, preferably of 9:1, at a temperature of from 600.degree. to 750.degree.C, a...

A method for the production of copper oxide or zinc hydroxide which comprises contacting metallic copper or zinc is contacted with an aqueous solution containing oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas, ammonia and an ammonium salt which is preferably ammonium nitrate. The concentration of ammonia is maintained above 4 moles per mole of dissolved copper and the aqueous solution of copper ammine or zinc ammine is separated from any undissolved metal before it becomes saturated with the metal and then ...