Disclosed is an improved tool for washing the perforations in an oil or gas well bore casing. The tool includes a tubular mandrel having orifices, between pairs of pressure sealing packer cups, for discharging a cleaning fluid into the area between the tool and the casing. The longitudinal spacing between the packer cups is variable by means of variable length spacer sleeves placed between the packer cups. The mandrel having an axial internal by-pass tube for passing cleaning fluid and debris th...

Spark perforation of synthetic plastic film is carried out by applying electrodes to opposite ends of a portion of the film submerged in a water bath that is at a temperature above the onset temperature of glass transition of the film,and applying short fast rise time electrical pulses of an amplitude sufficient to ensure dielectric breakdown of the film. The size of the perforations formed can be controlled by altering the temperature of the water bath. By using short fast pulses, energy consum...

A reseal is partially perforated by stretching the reseal membrane, establishing contact between one side of the membrane and an anvil, and by effecting partial penetration of the membrane with at least one cutting edge from the other side of the membrane to a predetermined distance from the anvil. Multiple partial perforations may be made with one or more cutting edges.

There is disclosed a scrim-reinforced web which is divided into individual sheets by a perforation pattern across the web. In order to insure all scrim filaments running lengthwise are severed, a dual perforation pattern is used. The dual perforation pattern has a primary perforation pattern with alternating, unsevered primary bond portions and primary perforations and a secondary perforation pattern with unsevered secondary bond portions and secondary perforations. The secondary perforations ar...

A photoelectric perforation sensor for accurately detecting a perforation in a moving web. The sensor comprises two large photodiodes in a bi-cell configuration. The photodiodes lie in the direction of web travel. As the perforation begins to pass between an LED source and the bi-cell, light from the LED illuminates one photodiode but not the other. As the perforation becomes centered over the photodiodes, both photodiodes receive equal amounts of illumination and a signal is generated indicatin...

An elongated tubular assembly is provided defining a longitudinal central passage therethrough. Longitudinally spaced opposing packer structures are carried by and extend about the exterior of the tubing assembly and the latter includes a bypass passage extending therealong, independent of the central passage, opening at its opposite ends to the exterior of the tubular assembly on the remote sides of the packer structures. The tubular assembly further includes generally radial perforation wash f...

A lens shield system for shielding a laser source of a system used for collecting capillary blood or fluid from skin, the lens shield comprising a strap apparatus releasably emplaceable around a member of a living being, the member having skin thereon and blood therein, and a lens shield member connected to the strap and disposed for receiving and for transmission therethrough of a laser beam from the laser source directed at the skin. A removable lens shield for shielding a laser source of a co...

Device for making a perforation in film material, especially plastics film material, said device comprising a reciprocatable support beam for a plurality of perforating blades the cutting edges of which are saw-tooth shaped. A driving means moves, simultaneously with the support beam a series of suction members in the direction of the operative position and back, said series extending with minor spacing substantially parallel to the perforating blades. Means are provided for the support beam and...

A pipe having an axially extending bore is defined by a corrugated outer wall having alternating, axially-adjacent, annular crests and valleys. The wall of the pipe has a hole disposed in a valley which provides fluid communication between the bore and the outside. The pipe also has a cover which extends between and is attached to axially adjacent crests. The cover is disposed over the hole to prevent material in which the pipe may be disposed from obstructing the hole and permitting fluid flow ...

A device for the electrostatic perforation of webs made of paper or other materials, particularly of the webs used in the manufacture of ventilated cigarettes to constitute the cigarette envelope or the junction band of a cigarette with the respective filter, includes two opposite electrode-carrying heads between which the web passes at least one of the heads is provided with a plurality of individual needle-shaped electrodes arranged substantially perpendicularly to the plane of the web. The in...