A plasma furnace comprising a chamber having inlet nozzles for a gas to be ionized, a reaction chamber defined by a large number of non-magnetic cooled metallic conduits placed side by side and electrically insulated from each other, a tube for feeding materials to be treated inside the reaction chamber, and an inductor fed by an alternating current surrounding the reaction chamber. The plasma furnace is characterized in that the metallic conduits are secured on the inside surface of a tube made...

A method of cooling the nozzle of a plasma torch by forcing water through the porous wall of the constrictor tube of the nozzle. This method results in a number of advantages over the use of a transpiring gas, including, no radiation shield being required to protect the constrictor tube; the energy density of the plasma arc is higher, the boundary of the plasma arc is better defined; and there is less acoustic and ultra-violet radiation from the plasma arc. A plasma torch is described having a p...

An evacuated tube having both ends closed has a ball type valve fixedly disposed between the ends for dividing the tube into upper and lower chambers. The valve is formed and arranged to provide a passageway between the upper and lower chambers when subjected to a force of proper intensity and direction. Upon cessation of the force, the valve closes to provide a separation between the upper and lower chambers.

Plasma oxidation of the surface of a substrate which surface does not face towards the plasma is achieved by placing the substrate perpendicular to the plasma in a region at a pressure of at least about 10 mtorr.

A plasma switch comprising a substantially evacuated chamber, a generally tubular cathode disposed within the chamber, an elongated anode disposed concentrically within and projecting from the opposite ends of the cathode, the opposite ends of the cathode being substantially closed by an electrically conductive end plates, at least one of such end plates being electrically insulated from the cathode and from the anode, and circuit means for selectively connecting such end plate to the anode or t...

Plasma burner provided with an electrode holder for the support of a cently arranged electrode and an outer electrode, a device for applying an electrical voltage for producing an electric arc between the electrodes and a device for the supply of gas to the electric arc area of the electrodes. The electrodes constitute a continuously consumable electrode system in which the outer electrode has the shape of a pipe while the other electrode is pipe- or rod-shaped and coaxially arranged within the ...

Control plasma of non-human origin to be utilized in the monitoring of oral anticoagulant therapy in human beings, prepared from blood of stable anticoagulated mammals, is described.

A plasma torch includes an annular cathode having an annular peripheral edge from which an arc is discharged. A pair of annular nozzle elements are coaxially disposed on the opposite sides of the cathode. Each nozzle element has an annular edge hanging over the annular peripheral edge of the cathode, and the annular edges of the nozzle elements define therebetween an annular outlet opening for the torch. Gas is introduced between the cathode and the nozzle elements and emitted through the annula...

A plasma torch for micro-plasma welding which has a hollow cylindrical torch housing, an electrode supported in the housing and insulated therefrom, a plasma nozzle having a cooling chamber and a plasma channel mounted in the housing adjacent the end of the electrode, an inert gas nozzle arranged concentrically around the plasma nozzle and various lines and connections for supplying plasma gas, inert gas and a welded current as well as lines for applying a cooling agent to the cooling chamber of...

A plasma switch includes means to introduce a cloud of particulate AII.sub.3 or AlCl.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2 is to a conductive gas discharge. The chemicals undergo a plasma reaction and generate SiI.sub.4 or SiCl.sub.4 both of which are efficient electron absorbers which rapidly extinguish the gas discharge.