A preferred way of converting insulin precursors into insulin compounds is to perform an enzymatic peptide cleavage in an aqueous medium and, thereafter, without removal of the intermediate product formed, to add an amino acid ester or a peptide ester and an organic solvent so that the desired coupling takes place.

The present invention discloses a process for the preparation of variant polynucleotides using a combination of mutagenesis of a starting population of polynucleotides and recombination of the mutated polynucleotides. The process comprises the steps of subjecting a population of polynucleotides to (a series of) two (or more) separate PCR's comprising a first PCR with a forward mutation-specific primer for a position to be mutated and a reverse universal primer and a second PCR with a forward uni...

The invention relates to a novel preparation of 3-fluoroquinolines of formula (I) ##STR00001## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 represent: a) a fluorine; b) an alkyl optionally substituted with one to three fluorines, with OR.sub.5 in which R.sub.5 is an alkyl, a hydrogen or a hydroxyl-protecting group, or with NR'R'' in which R' and R'' represent an alkyl, a hydrogen or an amino-protecting group; c) OR.sub.6 in which R.sub.6 represents a hydrogen, a phenol-protecting group or an a...

The present invention relates to a process for preparing tetrahydrofuran from 1,4-butandiol. According to the process in the present invention, a metal sulfate catalyst selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, nickel sulfate, ferrous sulfate and chrome sulfate is pre-treated with an inert gas to be activated, followed by introducing into a reactor together with 1,4-butandiol.

In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for preparing siloxane polymers comprising the steps of: (a) polymerizing at least one siloxane-based monomer in the presence of a crosslinking agent consistent with the following structure: ##STR00001## where n is an integer in the range of 1 to about 100; and (b) recovering at least one polymerization product generated by the reaction of Step (a).

The present invention is directed to a reagent for use in the preparation of organomagnesium compounds as well as to a method of preparing such organomagnesium compounds. The present invention furthermore provides a method of preparing functionalized or unfunctionalized organic compounds as well as the use of the reagents of the present invention in the preparation of organometallic compounds and their reaction with electrophiles. Finally, the present invention is directed to the use of lithium ...

A process for preparing a 3-aminophenylacetylene compound of formula (5), including: a) reacting a 3-haloaniline compound of formula (1) with an acetylene compound of formula (2) in the presence of a palladium compound, a copper compound, and an amine compound of formula (3) to form an aniline compound of formula (4); b) precipitating the aniline compound of formula (4) in the form of a crystal, and isolating it by solid/liquid separation; and c) reacting the aniline compound of formula (4) with...

A method for updating profiles is provided. The method involves storing a plurality of successive profiles for an image recording device, and changing at least two of the successive profiles when characteristics of the image recording device change. The profiles are successively used to process image data that is used for recording images on a recording medium by the image recording device.

The present invention relates to methods for the prophylaxis, management and treatment of certain diseases modulated by the inhibition of the enzyme malonyl-coenzyme A decarboxylase (malonyl-CoA decarboxylase, MCD) by the administration of a composition containing as an active ingredient a compound according to Formula I. In particular, the invention relates to methods for the prophylaxis, management and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, acidosis, cancers, and obesity through the a...

A method of manufacturing a filter medium that has a PF value that exceeds 32, the PF value calculated from the pressure loss and the collection efficiency of the filter medium according to the following formula: PF=[-log(permeability (%)/100)/(pressure loss (Pa)].times.1000[Formula 1] in which permeability (%)=100-collection efficiency (%). In this method, 380 ml or more of a liquid lubricant at 20.degree. C. is added per 1 kg of a PTFE fine powder, this compound is processed into a tape shape ...