Fermentation parameters are improved by the addition of certain polymers to the fermentation broth. Small quantities of carboxypolymethylene in Aspergillus niger cultures are particularly effective.

A process for the production of malt comprises removing a part of the husk of the barley, steeping the barley, treating the barley with aqueous mineral acid and with gibberellic acid, and allowing the barley to germinate. The combination of treatment steps is claimed to improve the rate of germination.

Compositions of matter suitable for use as a fertilizer and comprising a mixture of water; one or more materials capable of acting as a fertilizer; and at least one agent comprising at least one organic water soluble or water hydratable material capable of thickening said mixture and present in an amount sufficient to convert said mixture to a water resistant gel form.

A process for the preparation of toner by, for example, mixing a latex with a colorant mixture comprised of colorant, an ionic surfactant, and a polytetrafluoroethylene; adding a coagulant; heating the resulting mixture below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the latex resin; adding a stabilizer; heating above about the Tg of the latex resin; and isolating the toner.

An emulsion aggregation process for the preparation of a magnetite toner, and where the magnetite can function as a coagulant.

A process involving, for example, providing or generating an emulsion latex comprised of sodio sulfonated polyester resin particles by adding with shearing to the latex a colorant dispersion comprising from about 20 to about 50 percent of a predispersed colorant in water, followed by the addition of an organic or an inorganic acid; heating the resulting mixture at a temperature of from about 45.degree. C. to about 65.degree. C. followed by the addition of an water insoluble metal salt or water i...

Mercaptoalkanoylamino lactam acids are recrystallized by treatment with an agent that minimizes the formation of disulfides. Suitable agents are bismercaptans, phosphine or phosphite reducing agents, zinc metal powder, and sodium hydrosulfite.

A process for latex preparation including: a first heating of a mixture of at least one free radical polymerizable monomer compound, a free radical initiator compound, and a stable free radical compound to form a latomer mixture with from about 1 to about 8 percent conversion of the monomer compound to an oligomeric compound of the formula I--R'--SFR, wherein R' is an oligomer comprised of from about 1 to about 30 monomer units, I-- is a covalently bonded free radical initiator fragment arising ...

A process for the preparation of toner involving (i) aggregating a colorant dispersion containing a suitable surfactant with a latex emulsion containing an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and a water miscible chain transfer agent, or a nonionic surfactant with chain transfer characteristics to form toner sized aggregates; (ii) coalescing or fusing said aggregates; and optionally (iii) isolating, washing, and drying the resulting toner.

Printing ink vehicles including an emulsion of a mineral oil, preferably a light mineral oil; a significant amount of water; and an emulsifying agent including an amine or alkali metal salt of an oxidized hydrocarbon wax. Printing inks incorporating the vehicles include the vehicle together with a coloring agent such as a pigment.