A relative-angle detection apparatus which has an infrared-signal transmitting unit and an infrared-signal receiving unit. The transmitting unit includes a first light-emitting device array formed of a plurality of light-emitting devices disposed in a direction substantially coinciding with the fiducial axis for angle detection, and a second light-emitting device array formed of a plurality of light-emitting devices located to be slightly angled in the different directions with respect to the ax...

This device controls a vehicle such that a relative distance between the vehicle and a vehicle in front of it becomes a target distance. When the relative distance becomes shorter than the target distance, the device automatically operates the brake actuator to increase the relative distance, but if the driver operates the accelerator pedal while the brake actuator is operating, this device decreases the target value output to the brake actuator according to the variation rate of a throttle open...

In a relative angle detecting device, plural received light outputs are subjected to time division. Received light detection voltage is shifted by a phase shifter and sampling pulse is formed, and peak detecting means holds peak value of received light output based on the sampling pulse. In a CPU, peak value of each voltage is stored in a memory, and the stored value is operated thereby information regarding relative position between a light source and a light reception element is operated. Util...

An optical position and orientation determining system determines yaw, pitch, roll, lateral translation and longitudinal translation of a body with respect to a direction and intensity sensing receiver. The system comprises two energy beam emitters, mechanically mounted on a body, which illuminate the position sensing receiver. The energy beams are intermittently energized in a predefined fashion to enable the receiver and its associated signal porcessing means to determine the position and orie...

Relative humidity within a machine enclosure is controlled by means of a desiccant and a circulatory breather flow through the enclosure walls. The desiccant absorbs moisture during power off periods to keep the relative humidity down. During power on periods the enclosure temperature rises, which drives off the absorbed moisture from the desiccant. Operation of the machine also creates a pressure differential between two breather orifices in the enclosure walls so that there is a circulatory ex...

A balance having a setting means with which the relative precision of the weighing result is to be determined can be set by the user. The balance then adapts automatically to the set relative precision. This adaptation can occur, e.g., in the number of positions displayed, in the step width in the last particular position, in the selection of the integration time, in the filtering of the measured values in the digital signal processing unit, in the frequency of the taking over of the measured va...

An apparatus for determining data from which to calculate relative permeability of a porous body to a first fluid and a second fluid comprising a holder that renders all but first and second outer faces of the porous body impermeable to the first and second fluids. First and second capillary barriers respectively cover the first and second outer surfaces of the porous body. The barriers are permeable to the first fluid and impermeable to the second fluid. A first fluid flow system brings the fir...

An apparatus for measuring the relative flow of pulverized coal in a plurality of pipes connected between a common pulverizer and respective burners comprises a plurality of electric charge sensors each disposed in a similar position on the plurality of pipes. The electric sensors sense an induced signal produced by charged pulverized coal particles. For unbiased flow, the induced signal is proportional to the amount of flow in each pipe as the charge properties of the particles from the pulveri...

A large relative aperture objective lens having three lens groups of positive power with said three lens groups being all moved forward to effect focusing from an infinitely distant object to close objects. The three lens groups, being named from front to rear, 1st, 2nd and 3rd lens groups successively, have the amounts of forward movement of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd lens groups made progressively smaller. Accordingly, good stability of aberration correction throughout the extended focusing range is...

An objective lens of large relative aperture includes three lens components of positive power arranged to be focused by moving the first and third components in unison forwardly, along with forward movement of the second component by a smaller amount than the movement of the first and third components when focusing down to shorter object distances. Accordingly, aberrations are well corrected throughout an extended range of image magnification.