A sample conveyor for a liquid scintillation spectrometer or gamma counting system comprises a plurality of cassette carriers and a mechanism for moving the carriers step by step along a closed path which includes a transfer station. Each carrier has an open bottom and may receive a cassette whose bottom wall consists of lips which may be opened by a mechanism when the corresponding location is at the transfer station.

Two conduit means having a preselected volumetric relationship one to the other, at least one of these conduit means having a plurality of parallel passageways having different flow transmission time characteristics, are utilized in the dilution of a sample by filling one of the conduit means with a diluent liquid and the other with a sample material, then connecting the two conduit means together in a closed conduit loop and circulating the contents of the loop through the loop in order to caus...

A sample analyzer includes a light source for emitting light for analyzing a sample and a probe having at its one end a light outlet aperture which is smaller in diameter than the wavelength of the light emitted from the light source. An incident optical system causes the light emitted from the light source to enter the probe through the other end of the probe. A sample support supports the sample in a position where the sample is exposed to near field light emitted from the light outlet apertur...

A sample analyzer incorporates a sensor unit for providing a desired analysis of a sample. The analyzer includes a first body portion having a sensor surface (of the sensor unit) to which a sample is applied for effecting the analysis, a second body portion which is openable and closable together with said first body portion, a chamber incorporating the sensor surface when the first and second body portions are in the closed position, at least one reservoir for holding a treatment liquid and is ...

A sample collector for collecting a sample of a gas-charged liquid such as a carbonated beverage from an exteriorly accessible transmission line through which the liquid is flowing. The collector comprises a cylindrical chamber for receiving and storing a liquid sample. A tube has a first end which extends inside the chamber and is positioned and configured so that liquid flowing therefrom is angularly directed against the inside wall of the chamber to create a downwardly-directed spiral flow of...

A transcoding arrangement transcodes television signals sampled at a first clock rate into second signals sampled at a second clock rate. An integer number of samples of the television signals are assembled into blocks, each block containing an integer number of samples of the second signal. The integers are selected to reduce the number of multipliers required to perform the transcoding. A delay element forms four successive delayed samples of the incoming television signal. The first and last ...

Devices and methods for supporting a sample container. In one embodiment, the device includes a holder for supporting a sample container, and a releasable clamp mechanism that applies a force against a side of the sample container. In another embodiment, the device includes a holder for supporting a sample container, wherein the holder has a central opening that permits analysis of a sample to be carried out from below the holder, and an open end that permits a sample container transfer device t...

A sample cooler includes a cooling device such as a Peltier device and a rack for supporting vessels containing liquid samples. The rack is made of both a heat conducting material which is in a heat-communicating relationship with the side walls of the vessels and a thermally insulating material contacting the bottoms of the vessels such that the cooling device serves to cool the liquid samples through the heat conducting material and through the side walls of the vessels, not through the bottom...

A sample analyzer includes a marking unit containing a marker for marking a container containing a sample, and a controller for controlling the marking unit based on sample information. A sample analyzing method includes a) providing a container containing a sample, b) obtaining the sample from the container, c) detecting a signal from the obtained sample, d) analyzing the detected signal, e) determining whether marking the container is needed or not based on sample information; and f) automatic...

Methods of extracting a TEM sample from a substrate include milling a hole on the sample and inserting a probe into the hole. The sample adheres to the probe, and can be processed on transferred while on the probe. In another embodiment, the sample is freed from a substrate and adheres to a probe by electrostatic attraction. The sample is placed onto a TEM sample holder in a vacuum chamber.