A sample book for retaining a plurality of sample cards includes at least two retaining members for the sample cards disposed on opposite sides of a foldable spine. In the folded position of the spine, the retaining members are relatively close to one another, while in the unfolded position of the spine the retaining members are spaced from one another so that the sample cards can lie flatly therebetween.

A small quantity or sample of particulate material which is representative of a much larger batch of material, such batch in turn being representative of a large supply mass of the material, is extracted by feeding the batch to a dispensing head having two nozzles. The nozzles are alternately uncovered by a cyclically operated valve and a control is provided to variably proportion the residence times of the valve in its two positions so that the sample constitutes more or less of the batch. A se...

A fluid testing apparatus including a specimen cup and a cover having a reagent portion which is color sensitive to an analytical characteristic.

A system for analyzing a biological fluid or the like for a constituent of interest comprises structure defining a sample inlet port, structure defining an analysis region, a measuring system connected in sensing relation to the analysis region, and structure defining a reaction chamber that has an immobilized enzyme capable of modifying the constituent of interest. Control means operates liquid flow means in a unidirectional sample flow mode to initially flow a sample of material to be analyzed...

A sampling probe includes a housing, a cover and a guide. The housing defines a trough having an opening, at least a portion of the opening being in an insertion direction of the probe. The cover is axially movable with respect to the housing between an open position in which a substance is allowed to pass into the trough and a closed position in which the cover covers the opening to retain a predetermined volume of the substance in the trough. The cover is flexible. The guide is configured to g...

A sample analyzer such as a Rutherford backscattering spectrometer for detecting ions that are elastically scattered by a sample is provided. A spectrum-measuring unit is shifted so that it can be positioned in accordance with a plurality of the scattering directions of the scattered ions in the sample analyzer. For example, the spectrum-measuring unit is shifted in an arc about the irradiation point of the ion beams along a guide rail. Alternatively, a vacuum container is composed of a fixed co...

A sample manipulator that utilizes electrostatic traveling waves to selectively displace one or more samples deposited on its face is disclosed. The sample manipulator enables an operator to perform a wide variety of processes upon the deposited samples. Also disclosed are strategies for separating two or more samples, focusing a sample, and passing a reagent through a sample, all conducted on the face of the sample manipulator.

Systems and methods of generating ions at atmospheric pressure are presented. These systems and methods include spatially dependent analysis of a sample using an effusive ionization source. Systems and methods of isolating samples at atmospheric pressure are presented. These systems and methods include using a barrier to prevent metastables or electrons from an effusive ion source from reaching a sample unless the sample is in an analysis position. Systems and methods of using metastables in col...

A sample tab for retaining a sample during spectroscopic analysis includes a base plate, a sample well, and a cover plate. The sample well may vary in size to accommodate different sample volumes, and the base of the sample well may be positioned above or below the plane of the base plate. The walls of the sample well may also include one, or more than one overflow opening for draining excess sample, and an overflow channel to retain the excess sample.

A solid state, multi-use electrochemical sensor having an electrically nonconductive substrate, a working electrode, and a semi-permeable membrane covering the working electrode. The working electrode includes an electrically conductive material adhered to a portion of the substrate. A first portion of the conductive material is covered with an electrically insulating dielectric coating, and a second portion of the conductive material is covered with an active layer. The active layer includes a ...