A solid state, multi-use electrochemical sensor having an electrically nonconductive substrate, a working electrode, and a semi-permeable membrane covering the working electrode. The working electrode includes an electrically conductive material adhered to a portion of the substrate. A first portion of the conductive material is covered with an electrically insulating dielectric coating, and a second portion of the conductive material is covered with an active layer. The active layer includes a ...

A power measuring system includes a transformer that produces a voltage signal in response to the presence of a changing current within a power cable. An input circuit is electrically connected to the transformer for receiving the voltage signal, and produces an analog current signal representative of the changing current within the power cable, in response to receiving the voltage signal. A transmission line has a first end electrically interconnected with the input circuit so as to receive the...

Disclosed are humidity sensor structures, and fabrication techniques, which result in uniform and reliable humidity sensing, reliable electrical connections in small sensors, and simplified and inexpensive manufacture.

A pressure sensor is formed by sandwiching a pressure-sensitive dielectric membrane between and in contact with a pair of electrodes. As pressure is applied, the dielectric constant of the pressure-sensitive membrane changes while the distance of separation between the pair of electrodes remains constant. This change in the dielectric constant is detected by a circuit as a change in the electrostatic capacitance between the electrodes to measure the applied pressure. Since the pressure-sensitive...

A combined toxic gas sensor and an oxygen sensor includes a sensor body 1 with a top plate 2 provided with a toxic gas diffusion barrier 3 leading to a chamber 7 from having an outlet aperture 5 registering with the diffusion barrier 6 of the oxygen sensor.

A brake stroke sensor and an steering sensor are individually and collectively provided. A brake stroke sensor includes a force-receiving plate, a second plate movable relative to the force-receiving plate, a spring disposed between the plates and operatively connected to the pushrod, a strain gauge bridge mounted on the force-receiving plate and a microcontroller capable of converting the strain gauge bridge signal into digital data. A steering sensor includes a mechanical interface operatively...

A gas sensor including a housing containing at least a sensing electrode, a counter electrode, a test electrode, and electrolyte means in contact with such electrodes. The housing permits gas from the environment to flow to the sensing electrode. The gas sensor is operable either in a normal mode of operation in which potentials are applied to the electrodes for detecting when a gas to be sensed is present at the sensing electrode, or in a test mode of operation in which potentials are applied t...

In a catalytic sensor, a bead is located within a can having an aperture in its front surface. The bead is surrounded by thermally insulating material such as glass fiber and a filter material is arranged between the bead and the aperture in the can. This acts to remove H.sub.2 S or other inhibiting gases before they reach the bead and impair its performance. The thermally insulating material allows the filter material to be included whilst still permitting the bead to be operated at a high temp...

A neural sensor is provided which receives raw input data defining a pattern, such as image or sound data, and generates a classification identifier for the pattern. The neural sensor has a pattern array former which organizes the raw input data into the proper array format. A first order processing section receives the pattern array and generates a first order feature vector illustrative of first order features of the input data. A second order processing section also receives the pattern array...

A level detector comprises an array of light emitting devices mounted in a line parallel to an array of light receiving devices, the arrays being mounted within a housing capable of internally reflecting light from the emitting devices to respective receiving devices unless the respective parts of the level sensor are immersed in liquid. The outer internally-reflecting surface of the housing is preferable a continuous straight-line surface along the direction parallel to the arrays.