New products having excellent sizing action, in particular on paper are obtained by reacting .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acids or their reactive derivatives (such as, for example, esters or anhydrides) with amide-amines of higher carboxylic acids at temperatures above 120.degree. C. The new products are used in size formulations, preferably as aqueous alkaline and, in particular, aqueous ammoniacal, dispersions.

Fabrics of which the warp is sized with water-soluble polymers of acrylic acid and/or their alkali metal salts or ammonium salts, are desized by treating the sized fabric with from 30 to 300 percent by weight of water, based on the dry weight of the fabric, and separating the resulting size solution from the fabric. The recovered size solution can be directly re-used for sizing.

A paper size obtained by the steps of treating with an acid a hydrocarbon distillate boiling within the range of 20.degree.-80.degree. C. and containing at least one C.sub.5 acyclic conjugated diolefin in an amount of 10 to 35 wt. % of the distillate, the distillate being derived from a fraction obtained as a by-product at the time of cracking petroleum, reacting said hydrocarbon distillate with an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid in a specified weight ratio and then saponifying the th...

Synthetic sizes for use on yarns in water jet looms are prepared by copolymerizing methacrylic acid with from about 3% by weight to about 15% by weight of acrylic acid or vinylethoxytetraethylene glycol as the comonomer. These sizes are useful as nylon warp sizes in water jet looms. They have the desired adhesion to nylon and water resistance plus non-adhesion to steel parts on the loom.

Improved anionic sizes of alkali metal or ammonium salts of copolymers of 0.5- 50% by weight of an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic half ester of .alpha.,.beta.-monoolefinisch unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, 6-40% by weight of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid and 40-85% by weight of an aromatic monovinyl compound such as styrene.

A non-aqueous hot melt coating composition consisting of a thermoplastic rubber block copolymer, a polyethylene wax and a low molecular weight resin compatible with the end styrenic block of the rubber block copolymer is useful as a hot melt size.

The size of particles moving in a confined path is measured by moving the particles through an interference pattern of fringes produced by a pair of coherent light beams. The periodic fluctations in the light intensity as the particles move across the fringes are recorded on a fixed photodetector and the particle size is derived from a measurement of the magnitude of the fluctuations.

A device for measuring the size of apertures in a thin metal sheet having a table that can rotate, preferably in a stepwise manner, and having the sheet to be measured and a standard sheet mounted over openings in the table. A light source is conducted to a movable head and a stationary head. Phototubes in registry with the heads provide two electrical currents, one that is generated from light which has not passed through the sheet and one generated from light that has passed through either the...

Apparatus for determination of particle sizes and/or distributions of particle sizes comprises a light source which radiates parallel light of high coherence through a measuring zone (14) in which the particles to be measured are disposed. The light beam diffracted at the particles is imaged by an imaging device (18) onto a photo-detector (20) which is coupled to an evaluating unit (22). The imaging device (18) is provided with several different focal lengths which can be selectably brought into...

A shipping and handling carton for varying size articles, such as bottles and the like, adapted to be formed from a single sheet of foldable material, such as corrugated paper. The carton is designed to provide a plurality of individual article-holding internal partitions, while providing complete exterior coverage for the articles therein.