The roof of a solar house includes a plurality of crosspieces arranged parallel to each other, and a solar battery roofing for the solar house is fixed to the crosspieces. The solar battery is formed of a plurality of solar cells connected in series to form a solar cell row arranged parallel to the crosspieces. In case a plurality of solar cell rows is used, the solar cell rows are arranged parallel to each other, and the first and last solar cells in the rows are electrically connected to each ...

A solar thermoaccumulator, including a parallel battery of closed-circuit vacuum solar pipes, and provided with a plurality of accumulation bulbs, which are either immersed in a primary conductive fluid that circulates in an annular chamber having an air space, whose internal wall is the containing wall of a reservoir containing a fluid to be heated; or are put in direct thermally conductive contact with tubular tangs that are attached to and inserted in a reservoir, is disclosed. The reservoir ...

A solar cell, comprising a solar cell unit and a protective layer formed on the solar cell unit, wherein the protective layer comprises conductive particles.

The present invention relates to a device and method for introducing solar radiation energy into a photoreactor. This reactor can be employed for performing photochemical or photobiological reactions, i.e., syntheses, decontamination, disinfection and treatment processes. The device is characterized in that the photoreactor consists of one or more transparent outer tubes irradiated with light from the exterior, the reaction medium being passed through the tubes and thereby exposed to the radiati...

An accurate, easy to use solar compass which permits a user to locate true north or to locate azimuth lines. The user calculates the solar time and determines the declination of the sun from the emphrimis. The user adjusts the compass to compensate for the declination of the sun and the physical location of the user. The user thus determines true north accurately using a shadow cast by a stylet. An important aspect of this invention is that it is an accurate solar compass.

A geometric dome comprises a number of interconnected members which are arranged at specific angles. The geometric dome is excellent in strength due to the angular configuration of each member. One member of the dome is in the form of a convex lens and the rest of the dome is made up of two-way mirrors with the planes of the mirrors facing internally of the geometric dome. Sunlight is concentrated and directed to pass through the convex lens of the geometric dome. As concentrated sunlight passes...

A solar cell, comprising a solar cell unit and a protective layer formed on the solar cell unit, wherein said protective layer comprises a polymer formed by polymerization of a cyclotriphosphazene monomer represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 to R.sub.6 independently denote an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable group. The cyclophosphazene monomer preferably contains R.sub.1 to R.sub.6 which are represented by the formula (I): ##STR2## wherein R.sub.7 denotes an ...

A solar cell having a semiconductor layer has a structure in which a first electrode, a semiconductor layer, and a second electrode are stacked on a substrate, wherein a zinc oxide layer containing a transition metal is located between the semiconductor layer and at least one of the first and second electrodes and the density of the transition metal in the zinc oxide layer is continuously changed within a range of not less than 1 atm. ppm to not more than 5 atm %.

A solar cell comprising a plurality of photovoltaic elements electrically serially connected with each other on a common conductive substrate, each of said photovoltaic elements comprising a first insulating layer, a first electrode layer, a semiconductor layer, and a second electrode layer laminated in this order on the common conductive substrate, and each pair of the adjacent photovoltaic elements being electrically serially connected by electrically connecting the first electrode layer of on...

A solar cell includes a first semiconductor region of a P type, a second semiconductor region of an N type in contact with the first semiconductor region so as to form a PN junction therebetween, and a third semiconductor region of a P.sup.+ type in contact with both the first and second semiconductor regions and having a higher impurity concentration than that of the first semiconductor region.