Radiation source for emitting radiation in pulses with a duration and at intervals within chosen ranges, comprising at least one plate-shaped radiant element (1), and at least two electrical conductors coupled to the element(s). The source also includes at least one plate-shaped surrounding, thermally conductive element (2) being thermally coupled to a radiation element at its inner edge, and being thermally coupled to a cooling device (3) at its outer surface.

A laser source (1) includes a pumping system (2) and an active element (3) which comprises a doped elongate rod (4) and at least one optical block (5, 6) for guiding the pump rays (F) of at least one pump beam toward the rod (4). The pumping system (2) generates a number of parallel pump rays (F). The entry face (5A, 6A) of the optical block (5, 6) is inclined to the longitudinal axis (X--X) of the rod (4) and is not orthogonal to the pump rays (F) in order to deflect the pump rays (F) by refrac...

A light source (27) comprises a header (30), electrical conductors (31), (32), (33), a light sensor (40), a laser (39), a can (28), a convex lens (36), and an external control circuit (34). A window (35) is defined in an inclined top of the can (28), and the convex lens (36) is mounted within the window (35). A convex surface of the inclined convex lens (36) faces away from the light sensor (40). The laser (39) and the light sensor (40) are separately mounted on the header (30). The electrical c...

An electron source including a nanostructured carbon electron-emitting film and an electron extraction grid spaced closely adjacent the surface of said film.

An ion source for use in ion assisted deposition of films, has an ionization region, a gas supply supplying ionizable gas to the ionization region, a gas excitation system causing ionization of the gas, ion influencing means forming the ions into a current directed at a target, and an ion source controller controlling the ion source so as to intermittently produce the ion current.

A miniaturized radiation device, having a support member in the form of a flexible sheet, and a circuit pattern of electrical contact pads and interconnecting conductor lines or leads provided on said support member. The pads are interconnected via said patterned lines. There is also a plurality of radiation chips electrically connected to selected ones of said pads. Preferably the device is wrapped around a core member, that may be a wire, such that the assembly is suitable for the insertion in...

A photon source, comprising a first semiconductor region having excess carriers with a first conductivity type, and a second semiconductor region having excess carriers with a second conductivity type, the first and second conductivity types being opposing conductivity types; means for creating a surface acoustic wave (SAW) travelling from the first semiconductor region to the second semiconductor region such that excess carriers from the first semiconductor region are carried by the wave to the...

A pumping module for use in a solid state laser comprises an annular array of laser diode segments (10) forming a passage (24), each segment (10) comprising an extended body supporting a laser diode array (17) that extends along the longitudinal axis of the segment (10) for directing light into the passage (24) from an inner face (12) of the annular array, wherein adjacent side faces of any two segments (10) in the annular array are in sealing engagement. The inner faces (12) of the array of seg...

An ion source is furnished with a gas introducing mechanism for introducing an inert gas and an organometallic gas being a raw gas into a plasma production container.

A plasma source comprises a thermionic emitter (2) heated by an induction coil (7), which also provides radiofrequency energy within an electrically insulated cylindrical former (1). A cylindrical anode (10) is concentric with emitter (2) and axially displaced therefrom, generating a potential difference between anode (10) and emitter (2). The potential difference between anode (2) and ground and axial magnetic fields causes the plasma to be extracted from the source. Emitter (2) is held at nega...