An encoder for providing a conical array of temporally phased pulse beams. A pulse is inserted and continuously recirculated around an optical ring. The pulse is amplified during each circulation and a portion of the pulse is emitted at the end of each circulation. The encoder includes means for spatially separating each emitted pulse to provide a conical array of beams at a constant field angle relative to the optical axis of propagation.

A spatial frequency filter including: an optical system having detector means and means for projecting onto the detector means an image of an object area; and means for operating the optical system alternately in a first mode to develop a first system transfer function and a second mode to develop a second system transfer function which is matched to the first system transfer function in low spatial frequencies and divergent therefrom in high spatial frequencies, for imposing on the detector mea...

A spatial logical toy in form of a regular geometrical solid, the toy-elements of which are assembled so that halves of the logical toy taken along any axis can be rotated in any direction of any of the spatial axes of the body in relation to the other half. The toy comprises a total of eight toy-elements, seven of which are identically shaped and are designed in such a way, that the corners are directed to the geometrical center of the body forming the spatial logical toy and are formed as prof...

Process to attenuate or cancel certain side lobes of a microwave antenna pattern by using a network of parallel wires loaded with resistances that are adjustable at will, arranged as a filter in front of the antenna. Application of this process to the elimination of the effects of active or passive interferences, as well as to the localization of jammers. Adaptive filter for microwave antennas.

An antenna system is disclosed comprising a paraboloidal reflector and a feed array having several substantially identical feed elements. The antenna produces a coverage pattern of transmitted radiation in the form of a shaped beam. The present invention permits the use of a smaller number of feed elements for a given size of the reflector's aperture by means of attenuating the sinusoidal ripple that is present in the shaped beam radiation pattern and caused by the size of the feed elements. A p...

A spatial logical toy is formed from a total of eighteen toy elements, out of which two sets of eight identical toy elements two connecting elements are provided. The elements of the two sets have cam members with hollows with spherical convex or concave surfaces in-between. The elements are connected by the aid of the cams and the two remaining centrally positioned substantially identical connecting elements each having a T-shape cross-section and when assembled the toy is in the form of a regu...

Soft carbon-K X-rays (38) expose a PMMA photoresist (31) on an oxide layer (32) of a silicon substrate (33) through a parent mask (30) separated a distance S from the resist by a spacer (34) with the parent mask slits (12, 17) defining a spatial period p to establish an intensity pattern of period p/n at the photomask with S=p.sup.2 /n.lambda., where .lambda. is the wavelength of the incident radiation and .lambda.<p.

A scanning device adapted to be associated with a radiant energy measuring meter such as a luminance photometer to provide precision linear or angular scanning across an area of an object or a subject being measured without relative movement of the meter or subject. A scanning device which includes an optical assembly having an objective lens and a prism movable as a unit along or about the optical axis portion of light beams reflected or folded by and between the prisms whereby light received b...

A prefabricated spatial structure includes rods which are rectilinear tubes having a circular section and closed at each end by a cap which is joined to the tube by means of an annular weld or any other convention system and which has a hole concentric with the axis of the rod. The circular head of a special bolt is housed in the interior part of the cap. The bolt includes two threaded bodies having different diameters and opposite threading directions, the threaded body closest to the head havi...

This disclosure describes an optical spatial filtering technique for detecting hole-type defects and excess spot defects in photomasks used in making microcircuits. An approximate form factor intensity filter provides suppression of the regularly shaped mask features. For masks with features whose boundaries are along only the X-Y direction, this filter advantageously is a cross placed in the transform plane. With rectangular features suppressed, only nonrectangular defect data passes. Spots as ...