An alarm system for the surveillance of space, with at least one sensor of electromagnetic, in particular infrared radiation, located on the closed inner frontal surface of a rectangular tube having mirror surfaces on its internal surfaces, the use of focusing means, such as lenses, concave mirrors, objectives, and the like, is avoided by that the sensor is essentially adjacent at least in one direction to the opposing mirror surfaces. This yields an alarm system that is highly compact, has smal...

A spatial light modulator consisting of an electron beam source formed within a vacuum envelope and an electro-optic crystal assembly for storing electrons emitted from the electron beam source as a charge to change the optical property thereof. The electro-optic crystal assembly consists of a pair of electro-optic crystal plates of the same materials, i.e., LiNbO.sub.3, LiTaO.sub.3, or Bi.sub.12 SiO.sub.20. As an example, LiNbO.sub.3 is cut in such a way that the normal to its surface is locate...

A micromirror spatial light modulator having an associated silicon photodiode for photoaddressing a micromirror array, and a readout system for providing intensity-to-position encoding and for providing a color image from coded monochromatic input light.

An electrostatically deflectable beam spatial light modulator with the beam composed of two layers of aluminum alloy and the hinge connecting the beam to the remainder of the alloy formed in only one of the two layers; this provides a thick stiff beam and a thin compliant hinge. The alloy is on a spacer made of photoresist which in turn is on a semiconductor substrate. The substrate contains addressing circuitry in a preferred embodiment.

Spatial light modulators which use a substrate having a buried channel charge-coupled device (CCD) formed therein, wherein the amount of charge in the charge storage wells associated with the electrodes of the CCD is controlled by an electrically or optically addressed data signal. The level of charge in such charge storage wells controls the electric field beneath the electrodes so that the intensity of electromagnetic energy (e.g., light) directed through the CCD is spatially modulated by the ...

The three-dimensional position of a hole through a workpiece is determined using back lighting or front lighting (feature lighting) to determine the centroid of the hole's image in two-dimensional computer memory image space. The centroid determines a line of sight between the center of the hole's image and the actual center of the hole in real space. Next a crosshair lighting pattern (structured lighting) is projected onto the plane of the workpiece in the neighborhood of the hole. From the ref...

A light modulator and a high speed spatial light modulator (230) with each pixel (231) made of stacked quarter wavelength layers (232, 234) of heterogeneous material. Each layer (232, 234) is composed of periodic quantum well structures whose optical constants can be strongly perturbed by bias on control electrodes (240, 242). The control electrodes (240, 242) act to either remove light absorbing electrons from the layer or to inject them into each layer. The effect is to produce either a highly...

Improved spatial light modulators, each consisting of an electron beam source formed within a vacuum envelope, i.e., a photoelectric layer; and a electro-optical crystal to store electrons emitted from the electron beam source as a charge to change the optical refraction index thereof. The charge storage surface of the electro-optical crystal constitutes a dielectric multilayer mirror or a specific dielectric film layer whose surface resistance is high and stable enough to store the charge in a ...

Spatial light modulators with deflectable metal flaps hinged to conducting posts on a substrate are disclosed. The metal flaps and conducting post may be a single piece, and connected to addressing circuitry in the substrate. Also, plasma etching to fabricate the flaps without breakage is disclosed.

A system for deriving parallel data from a source, such as a detector array within an enclosed cryogenic volume utilizes remote optical sensing of micromechanical modulators so as to minimize power requirements and heat loss while providing full bandwidth operation. Subgroupings of the detector elements are used in multiplexed fashion to drive high speed micromechanical modulators in binary fashion until the entire detector array has been scanned. The deflection states of the micromechanical mod...