A synthesis furnace has a furnace chamber surrounded by a circumferential furnace wall, in which burners are disposed essentially in one plane, with burner exit direction directed downward, and reaction tubes are disposed essentially vertically and parallel to one another. The reaction tubes are heated externally by the ignited burners. To improve the heat distribution and the entire heat transfer in as simple a manner as possible, in terms of design and control technology, at least the outer bu...

Provided are a method for making (.+-.)-1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-8-methoxy-7-(3-methyl-1-piperaz- inyl)-4-oxo-3-quinolenecarboxylic acid, commonly known as gatifloxacin, in high purity, in a suspension in a dipolar aprotic solvent.

Synthesis of biotin from 4-carbomethoxy-2-(4,5-dihydrothiophen-3(2H)-one)-valeric acid methyl ester, and thiophene intermediates in this synthesis.

Synthesis of biotin from 4-carbomethoxy-2-(4,5-dihydrothiophen-3(2H)-one)-valeric acid methyl ester, and dihydrothiophene intermediates in this synthesis.

The invention relates to hologram synthesis using a two-dimensional lattice of basic holograms, each basic hologram being formed from a two-dimensional transparency. It provides a synthetic field hologram that has a diffraction efficiency unimpared by the number of basic holograms employed. The hologram may be reconstructed in white light. The method and hologram are useful in making and reconstructing holographic land maps.

The preparation of alcohols from synthesis gas has been beneficiated by the use of a novel five-component catalyst system comprising an iron group metal and an activity improving amount of a precious metal such as rhodium.

In the synthesis of calcium leucovorin (calcium 5-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate), the use of an amine base in the conversion of anhydroleucovorin (5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid) to leucovorin unexpectedly results in a pure (USP) product directly from the reaction mixture.

A 2-hydroxyacetonitrile is reacted with thionyl chloride in the presence of a trialkylamine and a suitable solvent to form a 2-chloroacetonitrile. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, 2-chloropropionitrile is prepared by reacting lactonitrile with an excess of thionyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine and dichloromethane.

Certain 4-halomethylthiazoles having a 2-substituted-aminomethyl group are prepared by reacting an aminothioamide with a dihalopropanone in the presence of a haloalkane and a bicarbonate, and dehydrating the resulting intermediate.

A process for converting or synthesizing hydrocarbons from carbon sulfides such as CS.sub.2 by catalytic hydrogenation over catalysts such ZSM-5 type zeolites.