An elongated specimen bar of known weight is submerged in a mass of separate, irregular, abrasive lumps confined against rotation as a mass in a chamber, and then said bar is rotated on an axis angularly related to its longitudinal axis for a predetermined period of time. The bar is then removed from the chamber and is weighed to determine the amount of material which has been removed therefrom and/or the lumps are measured as by screening to determine the amount of crushing which has occurred i...

A psychological test taking apparatus having its own source of energy, independent of electrical outlets and the like. A series of questions on a paper roll in the machine sequentially appear in a window large enough for the testee to provide an answer beneath the question. Means is provided for actuation by the testee to open the window and to effect actuation of a timing mechanism. Expiry of a given time period prior to the completion of the answer automatically closes the window and marks the...

A person being tested looks into a mirror through which is exhibited on a surface displaced upwardly from the striking row a previously prepared sheet of paper inserted into a conventional typewriter. The path of viewing passes through a Dove prism or other optical system to rotate optically the material prepared in miniature on the paper. The prepared material may be in miniature letters, symbols, etc., and is viewed through a magnifying lens which permits clear visibility of the miniature mate...

A device for testing the wrappers of cigarettes for leaks comprises a conveyor arranged to carry the cigarettes successively through a test region, means defining in the tests region a plurality of similar test chambers partly bounded by the respective cigarette wrapper, a source of pressure which communicates with each test chamber in turn at a first station in the test region to produce a predetermined initial pressure in each test chamber, and a pressure detector arranged to detect the pressu...

Intermodal cargo containers are bottom lift tested by means of a test fixture including adjustable supports which are connected to the lower corner fittings to maintain the container in a raised position free of a supporting surface. The upper corner fittings are first connected to a suitable hoisting device and upon lifting are placed in tension. The lower corner fitting lifting capability of the container is then tested by releasing the tension in the cables, the said bottom lift test fixtures...

Testing cigarettes for leaks by passing them endwise through a suction chamber which draws air from atmosphere through the end of a cigarette and through its wrapping and the pressure of which fluctuates according to the air flow.

Modified apparatus for testing the adhesive strength of the bond between the liner and medium in corrugated paperboard in which a clamp is used having a plate 24 abutting one liner and fingers or prongs 21 holding the medium and liner against the plate 24. The bond between the medium and the other liner is measured by applying a force to a strip bonded to the other liner and measuring the applied force which results in failure of the bond. The sample preparation required is simplified with this ...

A portable testing tool is provided for testing flooring system components such as holddown clips to determine the holddown strength of the clip, the clip load at which the board fails, the strength of the tongues, the flexibility of the board, and other characteristics, and for these purposes has a frame with parallel force applying walls, a force applying unit adapted for reading of the applied force and holding elements for specific force application to clips, to the tongues of boards and to ...

A testing element for detecting positioning and mounting tolerances during ounting of electronic components on a printed circuit board has a protective housing and a transparent base body mounted in the protective housing. The transparent base body has a top surface and a base surface. At least one of the base surface and the top surface has machine-readable markings. An adhesive is applied to the testing element for connecting the testing element to the testing board.

Traction and/or friction testing apparatus is described having inter-engaging, rotating, traction surfaces, the surfaces being independently driven to generate traction or friction forces therebetween. A force measuring means is provided to measure the resulting traction or friction force. The apparatus is characterised in that all forces applying in the traction measurement loop are directly readable, or elastic, thus eliminating internal friction and allowing an accurate indication of the trac...