A fault-tolerant clock generation circuit. First and second clock signal generators are provided to generate first and second clock signals. The second clock signal generator includes a locked loop circuit that, in a first operating mode, adjusts the phase of the second clock signal as necessary to maintain phase alignment between the first and second clock signals. A fail detect circuit is provided to determine whether a failure relating to generation of the first clock signal has occurred and,...

Skew-tolerant Gray codes have the property that consecutive code words differ in only one co-ordinate position, and the additional property that, in each consecutive group of three consecutive code words, the first and third code words differ in only two adjacent coordinate positions.

A Braille pin has three parts sharing a common longitudinal axis. A first part has a first breadth and includes a rounded tip felt by a user. A second part has a noncircular transverse cross-section and has a breadth greater than the first breadth. A first shoulder is formed by the juncture of the first and second parts. A third part has a third breadth less than the second breadth. A second shoulder is formed at the juncture of the second and third parts. A pinhole has first, second, and third ...

A register file includes a dynamic local bit trace, a plurality of data cells coupled to the dynamic local bit trace, and a device coupled to the dynamic local bit trace to facilitate precharging the dynamic local bit trace to a precharge value and to intelligently hold the precharged value on the dynamic local bit trace during evaluation of the dynamic local bit trace.

The invention relates to a reconfigurable scalable intrusion-tolerant network that is interposed between a service requesting client and a protected server to minimize the impact of intrusive events. The apparatus may include a proxy server for receiving the requests from a client and forwarding them to a protected server. Acceptance monitors receive the response from a protected server and apply one or more acceptance tests. A ballot monitor receives the result of the acceptance tests and deter...

A material (100) formed of a sintered aggregation of ceria particles (106), mullite particles (108) and an alumina matrix material (110). Differential thermal expansion of the ceria and mullite particles generates thermal stress sufficient to create micro-cracking of the ceria particles. The ratio of ceria to mullite may be selected to achieve a desired coefficient of thermal expansion for matching the thermal growth of a mating CMC material (102). The micro cracks provide the material with a de...

A register file contains a local bit trace and a driving signal trace as well as a plurality of data cells coupled to the local bit trace. A device is coupled to the driving signal trace and the local bit trace to intelligently charge and float the local bit trace. The intelligent charging and floating is facilitated by determination of a selection of one of the data cells.

When a P-channel pass gate transistor is added in parallel to an N-channel pass gate, the resulting circuit improves overvoltage tolerance of an input buffer. A simple bias circuit including two small transistors controls a gate of this P-channel pass gate transistor in such a way that it is turned OFF when an overvoltage is applied, but turned ON when a normal voltage is applied. Another embodiment has two N-channel devices (M12, M13) coupled in series with each other and one of the N-channel d...

A logic system is disclosed for using a memory device of the serial read type having redundant elements in excess of the nominal memory size and consists of a Programmable Read Only Memory having a defect map programmed into it with respect to the associated memory device, a shift register of a predetermined length equivalent to the maximum number of allowable defects, a multiplexer associated with the shift register, a position counter for controlling the multiplexer and, finally, appropriate l...

Closely spaced electrical substation equipment such as transformers and associated switchgear are provided with a seismic electrical interconnection. The seismic electrical interconnection is capable of maintaining electrical continuity between the transformer and the switchgear during a seismic event such as an earthquake of predetermined magnitude. The interconnection between the transformer and switchgear is made close to the equipment support pad where the relative motion between them is lea...