Dark field viewing apparatus comprises either (a) a source of coherent plane wave radiation and focused coherent receiving means, or (b) a source of focused coherent radiation and a coherent receiver of plane wave radiation, the source and receiver being axially aligned in both cases; and elimination means to eliminate any radiation which in the region of the focus would travel substantially parallel to the axis of the apparatus. The apparatus may be a transmission or a reflection scanning acous...

This invention provides an improved reading or viewing lamp that achieves extraordinary visual acuity when properly used. The lamp employs a quartz-halogen bulb together with a parabolic lens to provide a collimated beam. A light filter removes heat radiation and ultra violet radiation from the beam. A convex mirror reflects the filtered light beam to the reading or viewing area where because of the point source characteristic of the bulb and the remaining optics, the rays are substantially non-...

A television viewing control device for recording the viewing time of one or more viewers watching a controlled television set and turning the television set off when a predetermined viewing time limit of any one of the viewers is exceeded. The viewing control device includes a random access memory circuit for semi-permanently storing an assigned individual password for each of a given number of viewers and a predetermined viewing time associated with each of the passwords, a micro processor uni...

A system for biocular viewing of a distant scene or object especially under daylight conditions comprises an objective lens which produces an initial image, one or two relay lenses with associated reflectors which produce from that initial image a pair of tilted images, and a biocular magnifying eyepiece lens through which an observer views so that each eye receives light from a respective one of the tilted images. The system can be incorporated in a combined day and night viewing system employi...

In a binocular viewing device for observing one image with both eyes simultaneously, the image is observed directly via a beam splitter with a first ocular, and the image is observed indirectly with a second ocular via an optical imaging system which forms an intermediate image to which the second ocular is adjusted. The optical imaging system may comprise a collimator objective, a telescope objective and an image-inverting deflecting prism.

An optical system for the oblique viewing of an object includes a specific embodiment for quantitatively determining the volume of solder mounds on chips and wafers without the introduction of keystone distortion and anamorphosis. The optical system includes means for directing an image of the solder mounds at an angle to a diffraction grating to provide a diffracted beam normal to the grating. The diffracted beam is then processed in a conventional manner to yield the sought-after information. ...

An optical viewing apparatus and method is disclosed having improved focusing, in which two beams of light, which are mutually inclined at a fixed angle, are converged in the vicinity of a reflective viewed surface, and the relative distance between the apparatus and the surface is adjusted until the beams coincide at the surface.

An illuminated transparency viewing device for viewing transparent loose-leaf pages and for sorting 35 mm slides. The device has a smooth viewing surface and a ribbed sorting surface on opposite sides of the device; wherein a double-sided reflector surface is hinged between the two sides so as to pivot from a first position, wherein light is reflected through the smooth viewing surface to a second position, wherein light is reflected through the ribbed sorting surface.

A column of infrared detectors are repetitively optically scanned across an nfrared scene. The outputs of the detectors are fed to a viewing matrix of light emitters consisting of a plurality of columns of detectors, each column having light emitters corresponding to respective detectors. As the detectors are scanned across the scene, successive columns of detectors are energized or enabled such that the light emitted by the individual emitters is directly related to the infrared radiation falli...

A self-contained prefocused solar viewing apparatus which comprises a light shielding container with apertures for admitting solar rays and viewing same and a series of pre-aligned prisms and lenses to display the sun's image on a viewing surface without threat of eye damage in that the viewer's eye is away from the direct path of potentially harmful light rays.