A memory cell for a dynamic random access memory includes a storage transistor that is connected for operation as an amplifier, the drain-to-gate capacitance of the storage transistor functioning as the storage capacitance for the memory cell. An access transistor is interposed between a bit line and the input of the amplifier, for coupling the amplifier to the bit line during write and read operations for the memory cell. During memory cell read operations, the storage capacitance is effectivel…

A PMOS transistor is formed in a CMOS integrated circuit, having a Si.sub.1-x Ge.sub.x /Si heterojunction between the channel region and the substrate. The method is applicable to large volume CMOS IC fabrication. Germanium is implanted into a silicon substrate, through a gate oxide layer. The substrate is then annealed in a low temperature furnace, to form Si.sub.1-x Ge.sub.x in the channel region.

A memory is described which has memory cells that store data using hot electron injection. The data is erased through electron tunneling. The memory cells are described as floating gate transistors wherein the floating gate is fabricated using a conductive layer of nanocrystalline silicon particles. Each nanocrystalline silicon particle has a diameter of about 10 .ANG. to 100 .ANG.. The nanocrystalline silicon particles are in contact such that a charge stored on the floating gate is shared betw…

A memory is described which has memory cells that store data using hot electron injection. The data is erased through electron tunneling. The memory cells are described as floating gate transistors wherein the floating gate is fabricated using a conductive layer of microcrystalline silicon carbide particles. The microcrystalline silicon carbide particles are in contact such that a charge stored on the floating gate is shared between the particles. The floating gate has a reduced electron affinit…

Using sub-micron technology, silicon on insulator (SOI) rows and islands are formed in a silicon substrate. Trenches are directionally-etched in the silicon substrate, leaving rows of silicon between the trenches. Silicon nitride is then deposited over the trenches, extending partly down the sides of the trenches. An isotropic chemical etch is then used to partially undercut narrow rows of silicon in the substrate. A subsequent oxidation step fully undercuts the rows of silicon, isolating the si…

A memory cell for a dynamic random access memory includes a storage transistor that is connected for operation as an amplifier, the drain-to-gate capacitance of the storage transistor functioning as the storage capacitance for the memory cell. An access transistor is interposed between a bit line and the input of the amplifier, for coupling the amplifier to the bit line during write and read operations for the memory cell. During memory cell read operations, the storage capacitance is effectivel…

A flash memory cell. The cell includes a transistor with a floating gate that is formed from a number of crystals of semiconductor material. The crystals are disposed in the gate oxide of the transistor. The size of the crystals and their distance from a surface of a semiconductor layer of the transistor are chosen such that the crystals can trap a single electron by hot electron injection. Each trapped electron causes a measurable change in the drain current of the transistor. Thus, multiple da…

A flash memory cell. The flash memory cell includes first and second transistors. The first transistor has a control gate coupled to a word line, a drain coupled to a data line and a floating gate. The second transistor, similarly, includes a control gate coupled to the word line, a drain coupled to a second data line and a second floating gate. The first floating gate stores a state of the second transistor prior to programming of the flash memory cell. Further, the second floating gate stores …

A gain memory cell formed by merged n-channel and p-channel field-effect transistors wherein the body portion of the p-channel transistor is coupled to the charge storage node of the memory cell for providing a bias to the body of the p-channel transistor that varies as a function of the data stored by the memory cell. The stored charge is sensed indirectly in that the stored charge modulates the conductivity of the p-channel transistor so that the p-channel transistor has a first turn-on thresh…

A flash memory cell. The cell includes a transistor with a floating gate that is formed from a number of crystals of semiconductor material. The crystals are disposed in the gate oxide of the transistor. The size of the crystals and their distance from a surface of a semiconductor layer of the transistor are chosen such that the crystals can trap a single electron by hot electron injection. Each trapped electron causes a measurable change in the drain current of the transistor. Thus, multiple da…