In one aspect, an optimization method finds the best solution to a problem of the kind for which there is a space of possible solutions; in the method, tokens (e.g., chromosomes) take on values that represent trial solutions in accordance with a representational scheme that defines the relationships between given token values and corresponding trial solutions; by an iterative process, the values of the tokens are changed to explore the solution space and to converge on the best solution; and for…

A method of screening for nucleic acid sequence copy no. in a sample genetic material, the method including introducing a no. of different genetic probes to hybridize with the genetic sample. The probes are flanked by the same or substantially the same primer binding sites thereby enabling amplification of sample-bound probes using a single primer pair and thus the screening of different sequence copy nos. at the same time. Genetic alterations are known to underlie phenotype characteristics incl…

A method for the genetic detection of specific microorganisms based on the phenomenon of transformation is disclosed. Variants such as auxotrophs which are distinguishable from their wild, parent strain are transformed by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from microorganism cells present in a biological test sample. The detection of transformed cells indicates the presence of the specific microorganism under determination in the sample. The transforming-DNA is in a sterile, crude form, there…

The present invention describes a method of increasing plan yield. Also described are DNA constructs comprising DNA sequences coding for proteins involved in sucrose transport, metabolism and uptake operably linked to controllable promoter regions and plants transformed with said constructs. More particularly a method for the controlled production of said proteins resulting in an alteration in plant growth characteristics, flowering time and in yield is described.

Genetic music generated by decoding and transcribing genetic information within a DNA sequence into a music signal having melody and harmony, and useful in the producion of novely consumer products, identification systems, and diagnostic tools.

Methods of prophylactic and therapeutic immunization of an individual against pathogen infection, diseases associated with hyperproliferative cells and autoimmune diseases are disclosed. The methods comprise the steps of administering to cells of an individual, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a nucleotide sequence that encodes a protein which comprises at least one epitope that is identical or substantially similar to an epitope of a pathogen antigen, a hyperproliferative cell associated …

Methods of prophylactic and therapeutic immunization of an individual against pathogen infection, diseases associated with hyperproliferative cells and autoimmune diseases are disclosed. The methods comprise the steps of administering to cells of an individual, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a nucleotide sequence that encodes a protein which comprises at least one epitope that is identical or substantially similar to an epitope of a pathogen antigen, a hyperproliferative cell associated …

A method of immunizing an individual against pathogen is disclosed. Also disclosed is a method of treating an individual who has a hyperproliferative disease, or of treating an individual who is infected by a pathogen. Specifically, the individual is injected with bupivacaine along with DNA in an expressible form, the DNA encoding an antigen. The encoded antigen can be from a protein from the pathogen or from a protein associated with the hyperproliferative disease.

Methods of prophylactic and therapeutic immunization of an individual against pathogen infection, diseases associated with hyperproliferative cells and autoimmune diseases are disclosed. The methods comprise the steps of administering to cells of an individual, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a nucleotide sequence that encodes a protein which comprises at least one epitope that is identical or substantially similar to an epitope of a pathogen antigen, a hyperproliferative cell associated …

Polymorphisms at positions 100, 271, 281, 294, 408, 506 or 1432 of the cytochrome P450 enzyme bufuralol-1′-hydroxylase are indicative of the extensive metaboliser/poor metaboliser phenotypes and can be detected using known methods such as amplification of the DNA with the polymerase chain reaction, followed by digestion with a suitable restriction enzyme and analysis by gel electrophoresis. The EM/PM phenotype is relevant to calculating safe or effective drug doses for individuals.