Sea water for injection into an oil field to maintain the pressure thereof is filtered through a filter element composed of polyester fibres. The diameter of the fibres is from 8 to 15 microns, the thickness of the element at least 7 mms and the density in the range 0.08 to 0.1 gm/cc.

A physical exerciser is provided which utilizes a pair of compression springs. The springs are maintained in a spaced apart, parallel, side-by-side, straight state by an assembly comprising an inner guide member and an outer tube circumscribing said member. The springs extend longitudinally in troughs formed in the peripheral surface of the elongate guide member. The troughs extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tube. The tube holds the springs in place in the troughs. The assembly fur…

A physical protector has a bag member (10) formed of gas-barrier seal members (1,2) different in deformability, and a valve (a) by which an air passage is formed by exerting a pushing force to the seal members (1,2) to elastically deform the seal members and closed by releasing the pushing force to resume the original shape of the seal members. The physical protector is attached to physical parts such as the human trunk or limbs and inflated by operating the valve (a) to introduce air into the b…

The present invention relates generally to validating and providing physical objects. In one implementation, a physical object includes a first digital watermark carried thereon. The first digital watermark includes a first plural-bit message representing at least a reduced-bit representation of a biometric corresponding to an authorized bearer of the physical object. The physical object further includes semantic information carried thereon. At least a portion of the semantic information corresp…

A physical sensor having a pressure sensing layer having such property that electrical resistance is changed by application of a stress, and electrical insulating layers which are integrally formed on opposite two surfaces of the pressure sensing layer, respectively, wherein the pressure sensing layer has a matrix comprising glass, and an electrically conductive particle having electrical conductivity and dispersed in the matrix and preferably, the electrically conductive particle includes RuO.s…

Improvements to the physical layer are provided, for example a test circuit that does not introduce further skew into critical clock signals. A boundary scan test circuit is also provided used to isolate an integrated circuit for applying test vectors or circuit brand connections to test the integrity thereof. A bias voltage generator for a voltage controlled delay line (VCDL) is also provided.

A discrimination circuit of physical quantities comprises a converter element for converting a physical quantity to an electrical quantity which is compared with a reference potential in a differential amplifier. The output terminal of the differential amplifier is connected to the input terminal of a first switching device and the output terminal thereof is connected to the input terminal of a second switching device. A feedback circuit including a capacitor and a resistor is provided between e…

A physical training device comprising a casing from which two movable rods are extending and have a pedal or handgrip at their free ends, the lower ends being mounted in ball joints for movement in all directions within a certain angle or only in a substantially vertical angular direction, the movement of the ball of the ball joints within the casing being restrained by appropriate adjustable means.

A mitten for physical therapy patients is disclosed which comprises a tubular body of woven material closed at one end and open at the other end for receiving the first four fingers of the patient and having a slit-like opening on one side for the thumb. The mitten includes means for removably securing the open end of the tubular body about the wrist of the patient. The mitten further includes means for removably securing the closed end of the tubular body of the mitten back onto the wrist of th…

A physical therapy diagnostic device for determining muscle strength and tone has now been invented. The device comprises energy absorbing means and an absorbed energy measuring device associated therewith. The energy absorbing means may be a fluid filled cylinder containing a piston connected to a body or muscle contacting member. The energy absorbing means can be rigidly attached to a housing to which pressure may be applied to force the body contacting member against a particular muscle, limb…